ASME B16.5 PDF 2017 Free Download: A Guide to Flanges and Their Applications
Flanges are devices used to connect pipes, valves, pumps, fittings, and other equipment in a piping system. They provide easy access for inspection, cleaning, modification, or replacement of the components. Flanges also allow for flexibility and alignment of the piping system.
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However, not all flanges are created equal. There are many different types of flanges with different features, dimensions, ratings, and applications. To ensure a safe and reliable operation of a piping system, it is essential to know how to select, install, and maintain the appropriate flanges.
One of the most widely used standards for flanges is ASME B16.5. This standard covers pipe flanges and flanged fittings from NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 in pressure classes from 150 to 2500. It specifies the materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, testing, and methods of designating openings for flanges.
In this article, we will provide you with a comprehensive guide to ASME B16.5 PDF 2017 free download. We will explain the different types of flanges covered by this standard, their features, advantages, and applications. We will also show you how to read the flange dimension tables for different pressure classes and pipe sizes. Finally, we will discuss some common flange applications in various industries and sectors.
Flange Types
The type of flange to be used for a piping application depends on several factors, such as the required strength, pressure rating, temperature range, corrosion resistance, ease of installation, cost-effectiveness, etc. ASME B16.5 covers seven basic types of flanges:
Welding Neck Flange
Long Welding Neck Flange
Slip On Flange
Threaded Flange
Socket Weld Flange
Lap Joint Flange
Blind Flange
In addition to these standard types of flanges, there are some special ones that are used for specific purposes or applications. These include:
Orifice Flange
Nipoflange
Swivel Flange
Expanding Flange
Reducing Flange
Elbow Flange
And others
Let's take a closer look at each type of flange and see how they differ from each other.
Welding Neck Flange
A welding neck flange (WNF) is a type of flange that has a tapered hub and a butt weld end. It is designed to be welded to the end of a pipe or fitting, creating a smooth transition from the flange to the pipe. The tapered hub provides reinforcement and strength to the flange, as well as alignment and sealing. The butt weld end allows for a full penetration weld, which ensures a leak-proof and high-pressure connection.
The advantages of using a welding neck flange are:
It can withstand high pressure, temperature, and stress without deformation or leakage.
It can be used for both corrosive and non-corrosive fluids, as well as for abrasive or erosive media.
It can be easily radiographed and inspected for defects or cracks.
It can be matched with any type of pipe schedule or wall thickness.
The disadvantages of using a welding neck flange are:
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It is more expensive and heavier than other types of flanges.
It requires more welding and fabrication work, which increases the labor cost and time.
It may cause stress concentration at the base of the hub, which may lead to cracking or failure.
The applications of welding neck flanges include:
Petroleum and natural gas industries
Chemical and power plants
Nuclear and aerospace facilities
High-pressure and high-temperature systems
Long Welding Neck Flange
A long welding neck flange (LWNF) is a type of flange that has an extended hub and a butt weld end. It is similar to a welding neck flange, except that the hub length is longer. This allows for more flexibility and adjustment in the piping system, as well as better stress distribution. The extended hub also acts as a spacer or guide for the pipe or fitting, which reduces the bending moment and vibration.
The advantages of using a long welding neck flange are:
It can accommodate different pipe lengths and diameters without compromising the alignment or sealing.
It can reduce the number of welds and fittings required in the piping system, which lowers the cost and maintenance.
It can provide better support and stability to the piping system, especially in high-pressure and high-temperature applications.
The disadvantages of using a long welding neck flange are:
It is more expensive and heavier than other types of flanges.
It requires more welding and fabrication work, which increases the labor cost and time.
It may cause stress concentration at the base of the hub, which may lead to cracking or failure.
The applications of long welding neck flanges include:
Petroleum and natural gas industries
Chemical and power plants
Nuclear and aerospace facilities
High-pressure and high-temperature systems
Slip On Flange
A slip on flange (SOF) is a type of flange that has a slightly larger bore than the pipe or fitting it is connected to. It is designed to slip over the end of the pipe or fitting, leaving some space between them. The flange is then secured by two fillet welds, one on the inside and one on the outside. The fillet welds create a seal between the flange and the pipe or fitting, as well as provide strength to the connection.
The advantages of using a slip on flange are:
It is cheaper and lighter than other types of flanges.
It is easy to install and align, as it does not require precise cutting or machining of the pipe or fitting end.
It can be used for both corrosive and non-corrosive fluids, as well as for abrasive or erosive media.
The disadvantages of using a slip on flange are:
It has a lower pressure rating than other types of flanges, as it relies on the fillet welds for strength and sealing.
It may cause turbulence and erosion in the flow due to the gap between the flange and the pipe or fitting.
It may not be suitable for high-temperature applications, as it may cause thermal expansion and contraction issues.
The applications of slip on flanges include:
Petroleum and natural gas industries
Water supply and distribution systems
Sewage treatment plants
Low-pressure and medium-pressure systems
Threaded Flange
A threaded flange (THF) is a type of flange that has a threaded bore that matches the thread of the pipe or fitting it is connected to. It is designed to screw onto the end of the pipe or fitting, creating a tight and secure connection. The threaded flange does not require any welding or sealing, which makes it easy and fast to install and remove.
The advantages of using a threaded flange are:
It is cheaper and lighter than other types of flanges.
It is easy to install and remove, as it does not require any welding or sealing.
It can be used for both corrosive and non-corrosive fluids, as well as for abrasive or erosive media.
It can be used for high-temperature applications, as it does not have any thermal expansion and contraction issues.
The disadvantages of using a threaded flange are:
It has a lower pressure rating than other types of flanges, as it relies on the thread for strength and sealing.
It may cause leakage or damage in the thread due to vibration, shock, or fatigue.
It may not be suitable for high-pressure applications, as it may cause thread stripping or galling.
The applications of threaded flanges include:
Petroleum and natural gas industries
Fire protection systems
Heating and cooling systems
Low-pressure and medium-pressure systems
Socket Weld Flange
A socket weld flange (SWF) is a type of flange that has a recessed bore that fits over the end of the pipe or fitting it is connected to. It is designed to be welded to the pipe or fitting on the outside, creating a smooth and continuous bore. The socket weld flange provides a good flow of fluid and prevents turbulence and erosion in the piping system.
The advantages of using a socket weld flange are:
It can withstand high pressure, temperature, and stress without deformation or leakage.
It can be used for both corrosive and non-corrosive fluids, as well as for abrasive or erosive media.
It can provide a good alignment and sealing between the flange and the pipe or fitting.
It can be easily radiographed and inspected for defects or cracks.
The disadvantages of using a socket weld flange are:
It is more expensive and heavier than other types of flanges.
It requires more welding and fabrication work, which increases the labor cost and time.
It may cause stress concentration at the weld area, which may lead to cracking or failure.
The applications of socket weld flanges include:
Petroleum and natural gas industries
Chemical and power plants
Nuclear and aerospace facilities
High-pressure and high-temperature systems
Lap Joint Flange
A lap joint flange (LJF) is a type of flange that consists of two parts: a stub end and a backing flange. The stub end is a short piece of pipe or fitting that has a flared or lapped end. The backing flange is a ring-shaped flange that has a flat face and a large bore. The stub end is inserted into the backing flange and aligned with the pipe or fitting. The backing flange is then secured by bolts to another flange or fitting.
The advantages of using a lap joint flange are:
It is cheaper and lighter than other types of flanges.
It is easy to install and remove, as it does not require any welding or sealing.
It can be used for both corrosive and non-corrosive fluids, as well as for abrasive or erosive media.
It can provide flexibility and alignment in the piping system, as the backing flange can rotate around the stub end.
The disadvantages of using a lap joint flange are:
It has a lower pressure rating than other types of flanges, as it relies on the stub end for strength and sealing.
It may cause leakage or damage in the stub end due to vibration, shock, or fatigue.
It may not be suitable for high-pressure or high-temperature applications, as it may cause thermal expansion and contraction issues.
The applications of lap joint flanges include:
Petroleum and natural gas industries
Water supply and distribution systems
Sewage treatment plants
Low-pressure and medium-pressure systems
Blind Flange
A blind flange (BLF) is a type of flange that has no bore or opening. It is designed to seal off the end of a pipe or fitting, creating a dead-end in the piping system. The blind flange is secured by bolts to another flange or fitting, forming a tight and leak-proof connection.
The advantages of using a blind flange are:
It can withstand high pressure, temperature, and stress without deformation or leakage.
It can be used for both corrosive and non-corrosive fluids, as well as for abrasive or erosive media.
It can provide isolation and testing of the piping system, as it can block the flow of fluid and allow for pressure measurement.
It can be easily installed and removed, as it does not require any welding or sealing.
The disadvantages of using a blind flange are:
It is more expensive and heavier than other types of flanges.
It may cause flow restriction and pressure drop in the piping system.
It may not be suitable for high-temperature applications, as it may cause thermal expansion and contraction issues.
The applications of blind flanges include:
Petroleum and natural gas industries
Chemical and power plants
Nuclear and aerospace facilities
High-pressure and high-temperature systems
Other Special Flanges
In addition to the standard types of flanges covered by ASME B16.5, there are some special types of flanges that are used for specific purposes or applications. These include:
Orifice Flange: A type of flange that has an opening in the center to accommodate an orifice plate. The orifice plate is a device that measures the flow rate of fluid in the piping system. The orifice flange usually comes in pairs, with one on each side of the orifice plate. The orifice flange also has bolt holes and jack screws to facilitate the installation and removal of the orifice plate.
Nipoflange: A type of flange that combines a welding neck flange and a weldolet. A weldolet is a branch connection that allows for the welding of a smaller pipe to a larger pipe. A nipoflange has a threaded outlet on the neck of the flange, which can be connected to another pipe or fitting. A nipoflange is used to create a branch connection in the piping system without cutting or drilling the main pipe.
Swivel Flange: A type of flange that consists of two parts: an inner ring and an outer ring. The inner ring has a bore that matches the pipe or fitting it is connected to. The outer ring has a larger bore and a flange face that can be connected to another flange or fitting. The inner ring can rotate inside the outer ring, allowing for angular adjustment and alignment of the piping system. A swivel flange is used to eliminate the need for welding or bending of the pipes or fittings.
Expanding Flange: A type of flange that has a larger bore on one end and a smaller bore on the other end. It is designed to connect two pipes or fittings with different diameters, creating a smooth transition from one size to another. An expanding flange is used to reduce the flow velocity and pressure drop in the piping system.
Reducing Flange: A type of flange that has a smaller bore on one end and a larger bore on the other end. It is designed to connect two pipes or fittings with different diameters, creating a smooth transition from one size to another. A reducing flange is used to increase the flow velocity and pressure drop in the piping system.
Elbow Flange: A type of flange that has a curved shape and an angle of 90 degrees or 45 degrees. It is designed to change the direction of the piping system, without using an elbow or a bend. An elbow flange is used to save space and reduce the number of fittings in the piping system.
And others
These special types of flanges have their own features, advantages, and applications, depending on the specific requirements of the piping system. They are not covered by ASME B16.5, but by other standards or specifications.
Flange Dimensions
One of the most important aspects of flanges is their dimensions. The dimensions of flanges determine their compatibility, interchangeability, and performance in the piping system. ASME B16.5 provides tables for flange dimensions for different pressure classes and pipe sizes.
The pressure classes are based on the maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) of the flanges at different temperatures. The pressure classes are:
Class 150
Class 300
Class 400
Class 600
Class 900
Class 1500
Class 2500
The pipe sizes are based on the nominal pipe size (NPS) of the pipes or fittings that are connected to the flanges. The NPS is a standard designation for the diameter of the pipes or fittings, which may not be equal to their actual outside diameter (OD). The NPS ranges from NPS 1/2 to NPS 24.
The tables for flange dimensions include the following parameters:
Bolt Circle Diameter (BCD): The diameter of a circle that passes through the center of all the bolt holes on the flange.
Bolt Hole Diameter (BHD): The diameter of each bolt hole on the flange.
Bolt Diameter (BD): The diameter of each bolt that is used to secure the flange.
Bolt Length (BL): The length of each bolt that is used to secure the flange.
Flange Thickness (FT): The thickness of the flange measured from the face to the back.
Flange Face Diameter (FFD): The diameter of the face of the flange, which is in contact with the gasket or seal.
Gasket Contact Surface (GCS): The surface area of the face of the flange that is in contact with the gasket or seal.
Gasket Groove Depth (GGD): The depth of the groove on the face of the flange that accommodates the gasket or seal.
Gasket Groove Width (GGW): The width of the groove on the face of the flange that accommodates the gasket or seal.
Hub Diameter (HD): The diameter of the hub or neck of the flange, which is connected to the pipe or fitting.
Hub Length (HL): The length of the hub or neck of the flange, which is connected to the pipe or fitting.
Number of Bolts (NB): The number of bolts that are used to secure the flange.
To read the flange dimension tables, you need to follow these steps:
Identify the pressure class and the pipe size of the flange you need.
Find the corresponding table for the flange type you need.
Look up the values for each parameter in the table.
Use the values to calculate the bolt length and diameter for your flanged joint.
The formula for calculating the bolt length is:
BL = FT + GGD + GCS + 2 * N + 2 * W
Where:
BL is the bolt length in inches.
FT is the flange thickness in inches.
GGD is the gasket groove depth in inches.
GCS is the gasket contact surface in inches.
N is the nut thickness in inches.
W is the washer thickness in inches.
The formula for calculating the bolt diameter is:
BD = BHD - 1/8
Where:
BD is the bolt diameter in inches.
BHD is the bolt hole diameter in inches.
The tables also use some symbols and abbreviations to indicate certain features or conditions of the flanges. These include:
R: Raised face, which means that the face of the flange has a raised surface around the bore.
F: Flat face, which means that the face of the flange has a flat surface without any raised or recessed areas.
T: Tongue and groove, which means that the face of one flange has a tongue that fits into a groove on the face of another flange.
G: Groove and groove, which means that both faces of the flanges have grooves that fit together.
M: Male and female, which means that one face of one flange has a male projection that fits into a female recess on another flange.
L: Lap joint, which means that one flange has a stub end that fits into another flange with a large bore.
S: Small male and female, which means that one face of one flange has a small male projection that fits into a small female recess on another flange.
B: Large male and female, which means that one face of one flange has a large male projection that fits into a large female recess on another flange.
RJ: Ring joint, which means that both faces of the flanges have ring-shaped grooves that accommodate metal ring gaskets.
RTJ: Raised face with ring joint, which means that the face of the flange has a raised surface around the bore and a ring-shaped groove for a metal ring gasket.
RF: Raised face with flat gasket surface, which means that the face of the flange has a raised surface around the bore and a flat surface for a non-metallic gasket.
FF: Flat face with flat gasket surface, which means that the face of the flange has a flat surface without any raised or recessed areas and a flat surface for a non-metallic gasket.
By using these symbols and abbreviations, you can easily identify the type and features of the flanges you need for your piping system.
Flange Applications
Flanges are widely used in various industries and sectors, such as:
Petroleum and natural gas industries
Chemical and power plants
Nuclear and aerospace facilities
Water supply and distribution systems
Sewage treatment plants
Fire protection systems
Heating and cooling systems
And others
To select the appropriate flange type for a piping application, you need to consider several factors, such as:
The required strength, pressure rating, temperature range, corrosion resistance, ease of installation, cost-effectiveness, etc. of the flange.
The type, size, schedule, material, etc. of the pipe or fitting that is connected to the flange.
The type, size, material, etc. of the gasket or seal that is used between the flanges.
The type, size, material, etc. of the bolts and nuts that are used to secure the flanges.
The type and direction of the fluid flow in the piping system.
The environmental conditions and regulations that apply to the piping system.
To install, maintain, and inspect flanges in a piping system, you need to follow some best practices, such as:
Use proper tools and equipment for flange installation and removal.
Use proper torque and sequence for tightening and loosening the bolts and nuts.
Use proper lubrication and anti-seize compounds for the bolts and nuts.
Use proper alignment and leveling devices for the flanges.
Use proper cleaning and inspection methods for the flanges.
Use proper protection and storage methods for the flanges.
Conclusion
In this article, we have provided you with a comprehensive guide to ASME B16.5 PDF 2017 free download. We have explained the different types of flanges covered by this standard, their features, advantages, and applications. We have also shown you how to read the flange dimension tables for different pressure classes and pipe sizes. Finally, we have discussed some common flange applications in various industries and sectors.
We hope that this article has helped you to understand more about ASME B16.5 standard and how to use it for your piping projects. If you have any questions or comments about this article, please feel free to contact us. We would love to hear from you.
Thank you for reading this article. Have a great day!
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions and answers related to ASME B16.5 PDF 2017 free download:
Q: Where can I download ASME B16.5 PDF 2017 for free?
A: You can download ASME B16.5 PDF 2017 for free from various online sources, such as , which is the only source that guarantees the accuracy and completeness of the standard.
Q: What are the differences between ASME B16.5 2017 and ASME B16.5 2013?
A: ASME B16.5 2017 is the latest edition of the standard, which was published in November 2017. It supersedes ASME B16.5 2013, which was published in June 2013. The main differences between ASME B16.5 2017 and ASME B16.5 2013 are:
ASME B16.5 2017 added a new pressure class, Class 5000, for socket weld flanges and threaded flanges.
ASME B16.5 2017 revised the dimensions and tolerances for Class 150 and Class 300 flanges.
ASME B16.5 2017 revised the dimensions and tolerances for Class 400, Class 600, Class 900, Class 1500, and Class 2500 flanges.
ASME B16.5 2017 revised the dimensions and tolerances for orifice flanges.
ASME B16.5 2017 revised the dimensions and tolerances for long welding neck flanges.
ASME B16.5 2017 revised the dimensions and tolerances for expanding flanges.
ASME B16.5 2017 revised the dimensions and tolerances for reducing flanges.
ASME B16.5 2017 revised the dimensions and tolerances for elbow flanges.
ASME B16.5 2017 revised the marking requirements for flanges.
ASME B16.5 2017 revised the testing requirements for flanges.
Q: What are the advantages of using ASME standards for flanges?
A: ASME standards are widely recognized and accepted by various industries and sectors, as well as by regulatory authorities and customers. By using ASME standards for flanges, you can benefit from:
Improved safety and reliability of your piping system.
Enhanced quality and performance of your flanges.
Increased compatibility and interchangeability of your flanges.
Reduced cost and time of your piping project.
Increased customer satisfaction and trust.
Q: How can I learn more about ASME standards and flanges?
A: If you want to learn more about ASME standards and flanges, you can visit the following websites:
: The official website of ASME, where you can find information about ASME standards, codes, publications, courses, events, etc.
: A blog dedicated to ASME flange topics, where you can find articles, tips, news, updates, etc.
: A forum where you can ask questions, share experiences, exchange ideas, etc. with other ASME flange users and experts.
Q: How can I contact you if I have any feedback or suggestions about this article?
A: We appreciate your feedback and suggestions about this article. You can contact us by email at on our website. We will get back to you as soon as possible.
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